Artigo: Contra a pandemia de fake news, o apoio da sociedade ao bom jornalismo
Na era da informação, não existe realidade social que não seja mediada. Ou seja, tudo o que nos chega sobre os acontecimentos de relevância pública passa por algum meio de comunicação. Quer seja institucionalizado, quer seja compartilhado por redes de contato. Além disso, se tem algo que a história contemporânea tem nos revelado, é que a informação é um dos principais bens de um povo em momento de crise. Assim, neste momento de pandemia, é importante fortalecer a legitimidade da imprensa como cão de guarda da sociedade e incentivar a cultura da responsabilidade no consumo da informação.
Naquilo que diz respeito aos meios institucionalizados como a imprensa e, nela, o jornalismo, cabe a responsabilidade de se pautar pelo interesse público e, na figura de uma instituição social, fazer a mediação entre o indivíduo e a sociedade, e entre todos e a informação. Aqui, neste ponto, o que mais temos visto no cenário midiático é uma cobertura séria, pautada pela rigidez da apuração e do trato com os dados.
De forma exaustiva, mas sem recair em um sensacionalismo ou em uma cobertura desgastante, a imprensa, de uma forma geral, tem sido exemplar neste quesito. Não somente na cobertura, mas no acesso. Praticamente todos os principais portais de notícias e jornais do país abriram suas portas e bloqueios de assinatura para os cidadãos — um conteúdo livre e de qualidade para todos. Em outros casos, veículos rivais, que disputam leitores e consumidores de conteúdo, unificaram suas capas na campanha “juntos vamos derrotar o vírus: unidos pela informação e pela responsabilidade”.
A imprensa, que neste último ano foi alvo de uma brutal campanha de descrédito operada, sobretudo pelo discurso governamental, tem provado de forma geral que seu compromisso é com a sociedade. De forma uníssona, os jornais combatem a desinformação, promovem serviços públicos, incentivam o apoio mútuo, fortalecem os laços sociais, consultam especialistas das mais variadas áreas, confrontam gestores públicos e cobram iniciativas dos governantes. Enquanto alguns líderes promovem a discórdia, o discurso da imprensa tem pregado a solidariedade.
Em um momento sensível como este, em que a saúde pública e a economia estão em evidência, é fundamental que a sociedade mantenha fortalecida a imprensa — uma das únicas barreiras que impedem a desinformação e o agravamento do quadro de crise. Podemos destacar ao menos três formas de fazer isso. A primeira, aos que podem, é apoiar novas assinaturas ou ainda garantir a manutenção financeira dos veículos comerciais e alternativos. A informação de qualidade é cara, sobretudo quando precisamos que ela seja produzida de forma rápida e com conteúdo crítico.
A segunda forma de dar suporte à imprensa é multiplicar a informação. Ou seja, é replicar o conteúdo de qualidade, compartilhar nas redes sociais, debater e fazer com que circulem matérias de veículos consolidados e de respeito. Isso tem uma função dupla: de promover o nome do veículo e sua consolidação frente à sociedade e, em segundo aspecto, fazer com que os dados apurados atinjam um público maior. Quanto mais pessoas souberem sobre os malefícios de automedicação, quanto mais pessoas souberem os números de telefones das autoridades ou ainda sobre as formas de buscar auxílio financeiro de entes públicos, é melhor para todos.
A terceira forma é não dar mais trabalho para a imprensa, que já está sobrecarregada em apurar as mortes, o número de infectados e tornar públicos os atos governamentais. Nada do que façamos neste momento diz respeito a nós apenas. Sobretudo quando nossas decisões e manifestações são feitas em um dos principais espaços de diálogo e de formação de sentido na atualidade: as redes sociais digitais. Se não tem certeza da origem dos dados ou da informação recebida no celular ou nas suas redes, não passe adiante. Duvide de títulos que prometem informações que não existem em nenhum outro jornal, ou de “matérias” que prometam revelar “o que a imprensa não tem mostrado”. É muito capaz que a própria mensagem recebida seja o verdadeiro embuste.
O exercício de cidadania não está apenas em não compartilhar fake news, mas é também não tolerar desinformação sendo replicada por aí. Se encontrar mensagem falsa na internet, denuncie nos canais das redes sociais, procure nos jornais e agências de fact-checking a informação correta e veicule nos comentários ou nos grupos em que a desinformação foi compartilhada.
Se uma imprensa cínica e demagógica, como alertou um dos principais nomes do jornalismo estadunidense, Joseph Pulitzer, tende a formar um público tão vil quanto ela, por outro lado uma imprensa que tem atuado sob valores democráticos e pautada pelo interesse público deve ser reconhecida pelo exercício da cidadania que ela ajuda a promover. Não se trata de deixar de lado um olhar crítico sobre os jornais e as implicações de suas posturas frente à sociedade. Mas o de reconhecer sua legitimidade como instituição social na defesa dos interesses da população contra o autoritarismo, os abusos de poder e, sobretudo, contra a ignorância.
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